![]() ![]() The Ionian order originated during the mid-6 th century in Ionia, which was a coastal region of central Anatolia, where the Greeks migrated during the 11 th century BCE. Another notable example of the Doric order is considered the temple of Hephaestus in Athens, built almost entirely of marble during the years 479 to 415 BCE. ![]() Temple of Hephaestusīuilt in honor of the goddess Athena, the Parthenon is known as a peripteral Doric temple, since the columns are located on the periphery of the temple. The Doric order, nevertheless, finds its fullest and highest expression in the Parthenon, built in Athens between 447 and 432 BCE, and designed by Iktinos and Kallikrates. ![]() The freeze of the Doric entablature is divided into triglyphs (a unit consisting of three vertical bands which are separated by grooves) and metopes (the reliefs between two triglyphs).Įarly examples of the order are considered the sanctuary of Hera at Argos, as well as the early Doric capitals that were a part of the Temple of Athena Pronaia at Delphi in central Greece. The capitals appear rather plain with a rounded section at the bottom (the echinos) and a square at the top (the abacas). Temple of Athena Pronaia at Delphiįurthermore, the columns were typically places close together, with concave curves sculpted into the shafts. However, later forms of the Doric columns came with a standard base which consisted of a plinth and a torus. They come without an individual base and they are placed directly on the stylobate. It emerged in the Greek mainland and remained the predominant order for the construction of Greek temples until the early 5 th century BCE, although great buildings of that century-especially the canonical Parthenon in Athens-still made use of it.ĭoric columns were stouter and thicker, but also more simple and plain, in comparison with the Ionic and the Corinthian ones, with smoother and rounder capitals. This order made its appearance towards the beginning of the 7 th century BCE, making it the oldest order, the simplest, and most massive. Of the three orders, the Doric one stands as the earliest order of classical architecture and at the same times, it represents a crucial turning point in the Mediterranean architecture since it was at this moment that monumental construction made the transition from impermanent materials-such as wood- to permanent ones, namely stone. The 3 Types of Greek Columns The Doric Order Parthenon Athens Each of these orders was characterized by distinct features in their columns, which were a staple for formal, public buildings such as stadiums and theaters. Ancient Greek architecture was the first to introduce standard rules that deeply influenced Roman architecture, and through it, architecture to this day.ĭuring its early rise in the Classical period, ancient Greek architecture developed into three distinct orders: the Doric, the Ionic, and the Corinthian. Among the many forms of art that ancient Greece has brought forth to the world, architecture stands among the greatest. ![]()
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